Probability (Continued)

Grade 8 · Mathematics

Semester 2 | Period 6 | Week 35

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Subject: Mathematics

Semester: 2

Period: 6

Week: 35

WEEK 35

Class: Grade 8
Age: 13 years
Duration: 40 minutes of 5 periods
Subject: Mathematics
Topic: Probability Continued
Focus: Solving probability problems, calculating probabilities from experiments, and analyzing data using probability

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  1. Solve simple probability problems.
  2. Calculate the probability of events from experimental results.
  3. Analyze statistical data using probability knowledge.
  4. Apply probability concepts to real-life situations.

 

INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNIQUES:

  • Demonstration
  • Guided practice
  • Hands-on activities (using coins, dice, or Ludo)
  • Group work

 

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

  • Dice, coins, or Ludo sets
  • Worksheets with probability problems
  • Whiteboard and marker
  • Charts showing outcomes of experiments
  • Graph paper

 

PERIOD 1 & 2: Solving Simple Probability Problems

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Reviews basic probability concepts and explains simple probability problems.

Pupils listen, recall prior knowledge, and ask questions.

Step 2 – Explanation

Demonstrates solving simple probability problems, e.g., rolling a die or picking colored balls from a bag.

Pupils observe and take notes.

Step 3 – Guided Practice

Works through examples like: Probability of getting a head when a coin is tossed.

Pupils practice calculating probabilities individually.

Step 4 – Practice

Pupils solve 5–6 probability problems from worksheets.

Pupils work independently or in pairs and submit answers.

NOTE ON BOARD:

  • Probability formula: P(E)=     Number of favorable outcomes   

Total number of outcomes

  • Examples:
    • Coin: P(Head)= ½
    • Dice: P(4)= 1/6

EVALUATION (5 Exercises):

  1. Find the probability of rolling a 3 on a die.
  2. Toss a coin once. What is the probability of getting a tail?
  3. A bag has 4 red and 6 blue balls. Find the probability of picking a red ball.
  4. What is the probability of not rolling a 6 on a die?
  5. If two coins are tossed, find the probability of getting two heads.

CLASSWORK (5 Questions):

  1. Calculate the probability of picking a green ball from a bag containing 3 green, 2 red, and 5 yellow balls.
  2. Roll a die and find the probability of getting an odd number.
  3. Toss a coin twice and list all possible outcomes.
  4. Find the probability of drawing a blue card from a set of 10 blue and 15 red cards.
  5. A spinner has 8 equal sections numbered 1 to 8. Find the probability of landing on 5.

ASSIGNMENT (5 Tasks):

  1. Toss a coin 20 times and record the outcomes. Calculate the experimental probability of getting heads.
  2. Roll a die 30 times and record the results. Calculate the probability of rolling a 2.
  3. Find the probability of selecting a vowel from the letters in the word “MATHEMATICS”.
  4. Create 5 simple probability questions for a classmate to solve.
  5. Explain the difference between theoretical and experimental probability with examples.

 

PERIOD 3 & 4: Calculating Probability from Experiments

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Reviews experimental probability and demonstrates an experiment using coins or dice.

Pupils observe and ask questions.

Step 2 – Explanation

Explains how to calculate probability from recorded experimental results.

Pupils follow the explanation and take notes.

Step 3 – Demonstration

Performs a coin toss 10 times and records the outcomes. Calculates probability from the results.

Pupils record their own experimental results and calculate probabilities.

Step 4 – Practice

Pupils conduct small experiments in groups and compute probabilities.

Pupils collect data, calculate probabilities, and present results.

EVALUATION (5 Exercises):

  1. Toss a coin 10 times and record the outcomes. Find the probability of getting heads.
  2. Roll a die 15 times and record the outcomes. Calculate probability of rolling a number greater than 4.
  3. Draw a colored ball from a bag containing 3 red and 7 blue balls 10 times. Find probability of picking blue.
  4. Toss two coins 20 times. Find probability of getting exactly one head.
  5. Record results of a spinner experiment and calculate probability of landing on an odd number.

CLASSWORK (5 Questions):

  1. Conduct an experiment with 3 coins and record the outcomes. Calculate probability of all tails.
  2. Roll a die 12 times. Calculate experimental probability of getting an even number.
  3. Toss a coin 15 times. Calculate probability of heads and tails.
  4. Draw 5 balls at random 10 times. Compute probability for each color.
  5. Explain why experimental probability may differ from theoretical probability.

ASSIGNMENT (5 Tasks):

  1. Toss a coin 30 times and record your results. Compute probability of heads.
  2. Roll a die 50 times and record the results. Calculate probability of getting a number less than 4.
  3. Conduct an experiment using a spinner with 6 equal parts and calculate probability of landing on 2.
  4. Compare experimental and theoretical probability for coin toss and explain any differences.
  5. Design a small experiment and predict the probability of a chosen outcome.

 

PERIOD 5: Analyzing Data Using Probability

PRESENTATION:

Step

Teacher’s Activity

Pupil’s Activity

Step 1 – Introduction

Explains how probability can be used to analyze real-life statistical data.

Pupils listen and ask questions.

Step 2 – Examples

Uses examples such as sports results, dice games, and surveys to show analysis.

Pupils observe and discuss examples.

Step 3 – Practical Application

Pupils work in groups to analyze experimental results and calculate probabilities.

Pupils record, compute, and present findings.

Step 4 – Practice

Pupils solve problems combining data analysis and probability concepts.

Pupils complete tasks individually or in groups.

EVALUATION (5 Exercises):

  1. A class recorded the number of boys and girls who play football: Boys (12), Girls (8). Calculate the probability that a randomly selected student plays football.
  2. From an experiment, 30 spins of a spinner gave 5 lands on 1. Find probability of landing on 1.
  3. Analyze a dataset of dice rolls and calculate probability of rolling a 6.
  4. A bag contains 10 balls: 3 red, 4 blue, 3 green. Analyze probability of picking each color.
  5. Explain how probability helps in predicting outcomes in games.

CLASSWORK (5 Questions):

  1. Analyze a table showing students’ favorite fruits. Calculate probability of choosing an apple.
  2. Compute probability of drawing a vowel from letters in “PROBABILITY”.
  3. From results of 20 coin tosses (12 heads, 8 tails), find probability of getting heads.
  4. Analyze dice roll data (15 rolls: 3 ones, 4 twos, 8 threes) and find probability for each number.
  5. Explain why probability is useful in daily decision-making.

ASSIGNMENT (5 Tasks):

  1. Collect experimental data by rolling a die 30 times. Compute probabilities of each outcome.
  2. Toss a coin 40 times and calculate probability of heads and tails.
  3. Analyze real-life data (e.g., survey of favorite fruits) and calculate probabilities.
  4. Predict outcomes for a simple game using probability and verify by experiment.
  5. Explain one real-life scenario where probability helps make decisions.