Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Explain how multiplication is like repeated addition.
• Explain how division is like repeated subtraction.
• Solve multiplication problems by adding.
• Solve division problems by subtracting.
• Use drawings to show multiplication and division.

Lesson summary

In Week 10, we delve into understanding multiplication and division by relating them to what you already know: addition and subtraction. This is an important step in building your math skills. Think about sharing sweets equally with your friends, or figuring out how many bread rolls you need for your family. These everyday problems can be solved using multiplication and division! By connecting multiplication to repeated addition and division to repeated subtraction, you’ll build a strong foundation for future math topics and learn to solve problems you encounter in your daily lives. This will also help you become better at estimating and quickly calculating answers.

Lesson notes

Multiplication as Repeated Addition: Multiplication is a quick way to add the same number multiple times. Instead of adding 2 + 2 + 2 + 2, we can say 2 multiplied by 4 (2 x 4). The 'x' symbol means "times" or "multiplied by".

Example 1: Sipho has 3 friends. He wants to give each friend 2 oranges. How many oranges does Sipho need in total?

We can solve this using repeated addition: 2 (oranges for friend 1) + 2 (oranges for friend 2) + 2 (oranges for friend 3) = 6 oranges Using multiplication, we say: 3 (friends) x 2 (oranges per friend) = 6 oranges. So, Sipho needs 6 oranges.

Example 2: A group of kids is planting a vegetable garden. They want to plant 4 rows of carrots, and each row will have 5 carrots. How many carrots do they need?

Using repeated addition: 5 (carrots in row 1) + 5 (carrots in row 2) + 5 (carrots in row 3) + 5 (carrots in row 4) = 20 carrots Using multiplication: 4 (rows) x 5 (carrots per row) = 20 carrots. They need 20 carrots.

Why it works: Repeated addition works because multiplication is just a shortcut. Instead of writing the same number multiple times and adding them, we count how many times we are adding the number and multiply.

Division as Repeated Subtraction: Division is splitting a total amount into equal groups. It's the opposite of multiplication. When dividing, we are repeatedly subtracting the same number until we reach zero (or as close to zero as possible). The '÷' symbol means "divided by".

Example 1: Lerato has 12 sweets. She wants to share them equally among her 3 friends. How many sweets will each friend get? We can solve this using repeated subtraction: Start with 12 sweets.

Give 1 sweet to each friend: 12 - 3 = 9 sweets left.

Give another sweet to each friend: 9 - 3 = 6 sweets left.

Give another sweet to each friend: 6 - 3 = 3 sweets left.

Give another sweet to each friend: 3 - 3 = 0 sweets left. We subtracted 3 (the number of friends) a total of 4 times. So, each friend gets 4 sweets.

Using division: 12 (sweets) ÷ 3 (friends) = 4 (sweets per friend).

Example 2: A farmer has 15 cabbages. He wants to put them into boxes, with 5 cabbages in each box. How many boxes does he need?

Using repeated subtraction: Start with 15 cabbages.

Put 5 cabbages in the first box: 15 - 5 = 10 cabbages left.

Put 5 cabbages in the second box: 10 - 5 = 5 cabbages left.

Put 5 cabbages in the third box: 5 - 5 = 0 cabbages left. We subtracted 5 (cabbages per box) a total of 3 times. So, the farmer needs 3 boxes.

Using division: 15 (cabbages) ÷ 5 (cabbages per box) = 3 (boxes).

Why it works: Repeated subtraction helps us find out how many equal groups are contained within a larger quantity. Each time we subtract, we're forming another complete group. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Thando is helping her mom bake cookies. They want to make 3 batches of cookies, and each batch needs 6 eggs. How many eggs do they need in total? (Solve using repeated addition).

Solution: We need to add 6 eggs (per batch) three times (for 3 batches). 6 + 6 + 6 = 18 Therefore, they need 18 eggs.

Multiplication check: 3 x 6 = 18 Question 2: A school is organizing a sports day. There are 20 learners and they want to divide them into teams of 4 learners each. How many teams will there be? (Solve using repeated subtraction).

Solution: We start with 20 learners and subtract 4 (learners per team) repeatedly. 20 - 4 = 16 16 - 4 = 12 12 - 4 = 8 8 - 4 = 4 4 - 4 = 0 We subtracted 4 a total of 5 times.

Therefore, there will be 5 teams.

Division check: 20 ÷ 4 = 5 Question 3: Lindiwe buys 4 packets of chips. Each packet costs R

5. How much does she spend in total? (Solve using repeated addition).

Solution: We need to add R5 (cost per packet) four times (for 4 packets). R5 + R5 + R5 + R5 = R20 Therefore, Lindiwe spends R20 in total.

Multiplication check: 4 x R5 = R20 Question 4: A farmer has 24 apples. He wants to pack them into bags of 6 apples each. How many bags will he need? (Solve using repeated subtraction).

Solution: We start with 24 apples and subtract 6 (apples per bag) repeatedly. 24 - 6 = 18 18 - 6 = 12 12 - 6 = 6 6 - 6 = 0 We subtracted 6 a total of 4 times.

Therefore, the farmer will need 4 bags.

Division check: 24 ÷ 6 = 4 Independent Practice (Questions Only) John buys 5 stickers. Each sticker costs R

2. How much does he spend in total? (Solve using repeated addition). A class has 18 learners. The teacher wants to divide them into groups of 3 for a project. How many groups will there be? (Solve using repeated subtraction). Maria wants to make 4 necklaces. Each necklace needs 7 beads. How many beads does she need in total? (Solve using repeated addition). A baker has 30 cupcakes. He wants to put them into boxes of 5 cupcakes each. How many boxes will he need? (Solve using repeated subtraction). There are 6 children at a party. Each child gets 3 balloons. How many balloons are there in total? (Solve using repeated addition). Sipho has 16 marbles. He wants to share them equally between 2 friends.