Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Represent multiplication as repeated addition.
• Solve simple multiplication problems.
• Represent division as repeated subtraction.
• Solve simple division problems.
• Explain the relationship between these operations.

Lesson summary

This week, we are diving into the exciting world of multiplication and division! We'll be exploring how these operations are really just shortcuts for repeated addition and subtraction. Think about helping your family pack lunchboxes with the same number of snacks each day. Or sharing sweets equally amongst your friends. These are everyday situations where understanding multiplication and division can make your life easier! Knowing these concepts helps us solve problems quickly and efficiently, whether we're counting marbles or sharing fruit. In the South African context, this also relates to sharing resources fairly and efficiently.

Lesson notes

Multiplication as Repeated Addition: Multiplication is a quick way to add the same number multiple times. Instead of adding the number over and over again, we can multiply!

Think of it like this: If you have 3 plates, and each plate has 2 bananas on it, you can find the total number of bananas by adding 2 + 2 +

2. That gives you 6 bananas. Multiplication lets us write this more simply: 3 (number of plates) * 2 (bananas per plate) = 6 (total bananas). The "" symbol means "times" or "multiply". So, 3 2 is read as "3 times 2".

Example 1: Let’s say Zandi has 4 bags of apples. Each bag has 3 apples. How many apples does Zandi have in total?

Repeated Addition: We have 4 groups of 3 apples each. So, we add: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12 apples.

Multiplication: We can also write this as 4 3 = 12 apples.

Example 2: Sipho wants to buy 5 packets of Simba chips. Each packet costs R

4. How much money does Sipho need?

Repeated Addition: We need to add R4 five times: R4 + R4 + R4 + R4 + R4 = R20 Multiplication: We can write this as 5 R4 = R20 Division as Repeated Subtraction: Division is about sharing equally. It's also the same as repeatedly subtracting the same number until you reach zero. Imagine you have 10 sweets and you want to share them equally between 2 friends. How many sweets does each friend get? We can use repeated subtraction to figure this out: Start with 10 sweets.

Give 1 sweet to each friend (subtract 2): 10 - 2 = 8 sweets left. Give another sweet to each friend (subtract 2): 8 - 2 = 6 sweets left. Give another sweet to each friend (subtract 2): 6 - 2 = 4 sweets left. Give another sweet to each friend (subtract 2): 4 - 2 = 2 sweets left. Give another sweet to each friend (subtract 2): 2 - 2 = 0 sweets left. We subtracted 2 sweets a total of 5 times. So, each friend gets 5 sweets. We write this as 10 ÷ 2 =

5. The "÷" symbol means "divided by". So, 10 ÷ 2 is read as "10 divided by 2".

Example 1: Nomsa has 15 oranges and wants to share them equally among 3 of her cousins. How many oranges will each cousin receive?

Repeated Subtraction: 15 - 3 = 12 (Each cousin gets 1 orange) 12 - 3 = 9 (Each cousin gets another orange) 9 - 3 = 6 (Each cousin gets another orange) 6 - 3 = 3 (Each cousin gets another orange) 3 - 3 = 0 (Each cousin gets another orange) We subtracted 3 oranges a total of 5 times. So each cousin receives 5 oranges.

Division: 15 ÷ 3 = 5 Example 2: A tuck shop owner has 20 lollipops and wants to put them into packets of 5 lollipops each. How many packets can he make?

Repeated Subtraction: 20 - 5 = 15 (1 packet made) 15 - 5 = 10 (Another packet made) 10 - 5 = 5 (Another packet made) 5 - 5 = 0 (Another packet made) We subtracted 5 lollipops a total of 4 times. So he can make 4 packets.

Division: 20 ÷ 5 = 4 Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Thabo has 3 rows of tomato plants in his garden. Each row has 5 plants. How many tomato plants does Thabo have in total? Solve using repeated addition and multiplication.

Solution: Repeated Addition: 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 plants Multiplication: 3 5 = 15 plants

Commentary: We added 5 three times because there are 3 rows with 5 plants each. Multiplication is a quicker way to perform the same calculation.

Question 2: Maria has 12 cookies and wants to share them equally between her 4 friends. How many cookies does each friend get? Solve using repeated subtraction and division.

Solution: Repeated Subtraction: 12 - 4 = 8 (Each friend gets 1 cookie) 8 - 4 = 4 (Each friend gets another cookie) 4 - 4 = 0 (Each friend gets another cookie) We subtracted 4 a total of 3 times. Each friend gets 3 cookies.

Division: 12 ÷ 4 = 3

Commentary: We kept subtracting 4 (the number of friends) until we reached

0. The number of times we subtracted tells us how many cookies each friend received.

Question 3: There are 2 cars. Each car has 4 wheels. How many wheels are there in total? Solve using repeated addition and multiplication.

Solution: Repeated Addition: 4 + 4 = 8 wheels Multiplication: 2 4 = 8 wheels

Commentary: This is a straightforward example. Adding 4 twice is the same as multiplying 2 by

4. Question 4: A farmer has 16 carrots and wants to bundle them into bunches of 4 carrots each. How many bunches can he make? Solve using repeated subtraction and division.

Solution: Repeated Subtraction: 16 - 4 = 12 (1 bunch) 12 - 4 = 8 (2 bunches) 8 - 4 = 4 (3 bunches) 4 - 4 = 0 (4 bunches) He can make 4 bunches.

Division: 16 ÷ 4 = 4

Commentary: Each subtraction represents creating one bunch. We continued subtracting until we ran out of carrots (reached 0). Independent Practice (Questions Only) John has 6 bags of marbles. Each bag contains 5 marbles. How many marbles does John have in total? Sarah has 25 sweets and wants to share them equally among her 5 friends. How many sweets does each friend get? There are 4 tables in a classroom. Each table has 3 learners sitting at it. How many learners are there in the classroom in total?