Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2
Space and shape: more 2D shapes and 3D objects – Week 8 focus
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Space and shape: more 2D shapes and 3D objects – Week 8 focus
Download the Lessonotes Mobile South Africa app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Grade 2
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 8
Theme: General lesson support
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This week, we're diving deeper into the exciting world of shapes and objects! We've already learned about some basic shapes like squares, circles, triangles, and rectangles. Now, we'll be exploring even more two-dimensional (2D) shapes and three-dimensional (3D) objects. Understanding shapes and objects is important because they are all around us. From the rectangular shape of your school books to the round shape of a soccer ball, shapes and objects help us understand and describe the world. In South Africa, shapes are also used in traditional art, architecture, and crafts. Recognizing these shapes helps us appreciate our culture and environment.
2D Shapes: Pentagons, Hexagons, and Octagons What are 2D shapes? 2D shapes are flat shapes that have only two dimensions: length and width. They don't have any thickness. We can draw them on a piece of paper.
Pentagon: A pentagon is a 2D shape with five straight sides and five corners (also called vertices). Think of the "penta" part as meaning "five."
Example: Imagine drawing a house – the roof often looks like a pentagon! Some stop signs also resemble a pentagon.
Hexagon: A hexagon is a 2D shape with six straight sides and six corners (vertices). Think of the "hexa" part as meaning "six."
Example: Some honeycombs that bees build are made of hexagons. Think of the little compartments where the honey is stored.
Octagon: An octagon is a 2D shape with eight straight sides and eight corners (vertices). Think of the "octa" part as meaning "eight."
Example: Many stop signs (the red ones telling cars to stop) are shaped like octagons.
Important Properties of 2D Shapes: Sides: The straight lines that make up the shape.
Corners (Vertices): The points where the sides meet.
Example 1: Identifying a Hexagon Let's say you see a shape that looks like this: / \ _ / \ We need to count the sides. We can see there are six sides. How many corners?
Let's count them: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6. There are six corners too! Since it has six sides and six corners, it's a hexagon. 3D Objects: Cubes, Rectangular Prisms (Cuboids), Spheres, Cylinders, Pyramids, and Cones What are 3D objects? 3D objects are solid objects that have three dimensions: length, width, and height. They take up space.
Cube: A cube is a 3D object with six square faces. All the faces are the same size. It has eight corners (vertices) and twelve edges.
Example: Dice used in board games are usually cubes.
Rectangular Prism (Cuboid): A rectangular prism has six rectangular faces. A rectangular prism has eight corners (vertices) and twelve edges. Think of it as a stretched-out cube.
Example: A brick, a shoebox, or a classroom are usually rectangular prisms.
Sphere: A sphere is a perfectly round 3D object. It has no flat faces, edges, or vertices.
Example: A soccer ball, a marble, or the Earth are spheres.
Cylinder: A cylinder has two circular faces and one curved surface connecting them. It has no vertices.
Example: A can of beans, a water pipe, or a toilet paper roll are cylinders.
Pyramid: A pyramid has a base that is a polygon (like a square or a triangle) and triangular faces that meet at a point (called the apex).
Example: The pyramids of Egypt are famous examples. Also, some tents might look like pyramids.
Cone: A cone has one circular face and a curved surface that tapers to a point (called the apex).
Example: An ice cream cone, a party hat, or the orange cones used to mark road work are cones.
Important Properties of 3D Objects: Faces: The flat surfaces of the object.
Edges: The lines where two faces meet.
Vertices: The points where three or more edges meet (corners).
Example 2: Identifying a Rectangular Prism (Cuboid) Imagine a box of tissues. It has six faces, all of which are rectangles. It has eight corners (vertices) and twelve edges.
Therefore, it is a rectangular prism or a cuboid.
Example 3: Identifying a Sphere Look at a ball that learners play with during break time. It is round. It has no faces, no edges and no vertices. It is a sphere. Guided Practice (With Solutions)
Question 1: Look at the shape below. How many sides does it have? What is the name of this shape? [Imagine a picture of a pentagon here] Solution: Let's count the sides: 1, 2, 3, 4,
5. It has five sides. A shape with five sides is called a pentagon.
Question 2: What 3D object does a soccer ball look like? Does it have any faces or vertices?
Solution: A soccer ball looks like a sphere. A sphere has no faces or vertices.
Question 3: Imagine a can of coke. What 3D shape does it resemble? Does it have any vertices?
Solution: A can of coke resembles a cylinder. A cylinder has no vertices.
Question 4: What is the name of a 3D object that has six square faces?
Solution: This is a cube. Remember that a cube is special because all its faces are squares, and they are all the same size.
Question 5: Draw a 2D shape that has eight sides. What is the name of this shape?
Solution: Draw an octagon. An octagon has 8 sides and 8 vertices. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Draw a hexagon. How many sides and corners does it have? What shape is the face of a cube? Name three objects you see in your classroom that are rectangular prisms (cuboids). How many faces does a pyramid have if the base is a square? What is the difference between a cylinder and a cone? Nomusa says she saw a shape with 7 sides. What is the name of the shape that Nomusa saw? Thando says a sphere has 1 curved side, 0 edges and 1 vertex. Is Thando correct? Explain why. A tent at a campsite looked like a 3D object. It had 5 faces, 5 vertices and 8 edges. What 3D object was the tent? Draw 2 different 2D shapes that have more than 4 sides.