Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• By the end of this week's lessons, learners should be able to:
• Identify and name common 3D objects: balls (spheres), boxes (rectangular prisms/cubes), cylinders, and cones.
• Describe 3D objects using appropriate vocabulary, referring to their surfaces (flat or curved).
• Sort 3D objects based on their properties, specifically whether they can roll or slide.
• Recognise the 2D shapes that form the flat faces of 3D objects (e.g., a square on a cube, a circle on a cylinder).

Lesson summary

Overview This week, we move from the flat world of 2D shapes into the exciting, three-dimensional world of 3D objects! These are the solid shapes we can hold, stack, and use every day. In South Africa, 3D objects are all around us: the cylindrical shape of a can of Koo beans, the rectangular prism of a box of Joko tea, the sphere of a soccer ball used for play, and the cone and cylinder that form a traditional rondavel. Understanding these objects helps learners make sense of their physical environment.

Lesson notes

What is the Difference Between 2D Shapes and 3D Objects? 2D Shapes: Think of a drawing on a piece of paper. It is flat. It has length and width, but no thickness. Examples are circles, squares, triangles, and rectangles. You can trace them, but you can't pick them up as a solid thing. 3D Objects: These are solid objects that you can hold. They take up space. They have length, width, and height (or depth). Think of a soccer ball or a brick. You can feel all their sides. Exploring Our Main 3D Objects Let's get to know our shape friends! The Sphere (Ball Shape)

What it looks like: Perfectly round like a ball.

Properties: A sphere has only one continuous curved surface. It has no flat faces, no edges, and no corners (vertices).

How it moves: Because it is all curved, a sphere can roll easily in any direction. It cannot slide. South African

Examples: A soccer ball, an orange, a marble (gwenya), a bead on a Zulu necklace. The Rectangular Prism (Box Shape)

What it looks like: A box. It can be long and thin like a box of spaghetti, or more square-like, like a box of Ouma rusks. A cube is a special type of rectangular prism where all the faces are perfect squares.

Properties: It has 6 flat faces. Each face is a rectangle (or a square for a cube).

How it moves: Because it only has flat faces, a rectangular prism can slide. It cannot roll. South African

Examples: A brick, a lunchbox, a house, a box of matches.

The Cylinder What it looks like: Like a can or a tube.

Properties: A cylinder has two flat faces that are circles, and one curved surface that connects them.

How it moves: A cylinder is special! It can roll on its curved side, and it can slide on its flat, circular ends. South African

Examples: A can of pilchards, a toilet paper roll, a drinking glass, the main wall of a rondavel.

The Cone What it looks like: Like a party hat or an ice cream cone.

Properties: A cone has one flat face which is a circle (its base) and one curved surface that goes up to a sharp point (vertex).

How it moves: A cone can slide on its flat circular base. It can also roll, but it will roll in a circle, not a straight line! South African

Examples: An ice cream cone, the roof of a rondavel, a traffic cone. Connecting 2D Shapes to 3D Objects The flat parts of 3D objects are our old friends, the 2D shapes!