Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Collect data using tally marks.
• Organize data into a table.
• Show data using a simple pictograph.
• Answer questions about the data.
• Understand what the data tells us.

Lesson summary

Data handling is a very important skill that helps us understand the world around us. In South Africa, we see data used everywhere, from understanding how many learners are in our school to knowing what kinds of fruits are most popular in our communities. This week, we'll revise data handling concepts we've already learned and build on them. We will look at ways to collect data, organize it, and represent it in simple ways, like pictographs. Understanding data helps us make informed decisions and answer important questions. Imagine a fruit seller trying to decide which fruit to stock the most of - data on popular fruits can help them decide!

Lesson notes

2.1 What is Data? Data is information. It can be about anything – the colour of our shoes, our favourite fruits, the number of cars passing by our school. We can collect data by asking questions (surveys) or by observing things around us. 2.2 Collecting Data with Tally Marks Tally marks are a quick and easy way to count things. We make a mark for each item we count. When we reach five, we draw a line across the four marks to make a group of five: `||||`. This makes it easier to count larger numbers.

Example: Let's say we are counting the colours of cars passing by our school for 10 minutes.

Red cars: `|||| || = 7` Blue cars: `|||| | = 6` White cars: `|||| |||| = 10` 2.3 Organizing Data in a Table A table helps us organize data in a clear and easy-to-read way. It has rows and columns. The columns usually have headings that tell us what the data represents.

Example: Using the car data from above, we can create a table: | Car Colour | Number of Cars | | ----------- | -------------- | | Red | 7 | | Blue | 6 | | White | 10 | 2.4 Representing Data with Pictographs A pictograph uses pictures to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items. It's important to have a key that tells us what each picture represents.

Example: Let’s represent our car data with a pictograph. Let's say one car picture represents 2 cars.

Red Cars: 🚗🚗🚗🛑 (3 full cars + one representing 1 car. We need to show half a car to represent 1 car.)

Blue Cars: 🚗🚗🚗 (3 car pictures)

White Cars: 🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗 (5 car pictures)

Key: 🚗 = 2 cars; 🛑 = 1 car. 2.5 Interpreting Data Once we have organized our data in a table or pictograph, we can answer questions about it. We can find the most popular item, the least popular item, and compare different categories.

Example: Based on our car data: Which colour car was seen most often? White. Which colour car was seen least often? Blue. How many more white cars were seen than red cars? 10 - 7 = 3 more white cars. 2.6 Worked Examples Example 1: Favourite Fruits Let's survey 10 learners in our class to find out their favourite fruit. We can use tally marks to record their answers.

Apple: `|||| = 5` Banana: `|| = 2` Orange: `||| = 3` Now, let's put this information into a table: | Fruit | Number of Learners | | -------- | ------------------ | | Apple | 5 | | Banana | 2 | | Orange | 3 | Finally, let's create a pictograph. Let's use a fruit image where each image represents 1 learner.

Apple: 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 Banana: 🍌🍌 Orange: 🍊🍊🍊 Now, we can easily see that apples are the most popular fruit!

Example 2: Weather for a Week Let's imagine we kept track of the weather for a week and recorded it using tally marks: Sunny: `||| = 3` Cloudy: `|| = 2` Rainy: `|| = 2` Table: | Weather | Number of Days | | -------- | -------------- | | Sunny | 3 | | Cloudy | 2 | | Rainy | 2 | Pictograph (one weather icon represents one day): Sunny: ☀️☀️☀️ Cloudy: ☁️☁️ Rainy: 🌧️🌧️ From this, we can say that the weather was sunny for more days than it was cloudy or rainy. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Thandi asked her friends which pet they liked best. She collected the following data using tally marks: Dog: `|||| ||| = 8` Cat: `|||| || = 7` Fish: `||| = 3` Create a table to show this data.

Solution: | Pet | Number of Friends | | ---- | ----------------- | | Dog | 8 | | Cat | 7 | | Fish | 3 |

Commentary: This question tests the ability to transcribe data from tally marks to a table.

Question 2: Use the pet data from Question 1 to create a pictograph. Let each pet image represent 1 friend.

Solution: Dog: 🐕🐕🐕🐕🐕🐕🐕🐕 Cat: 🐈🐈🐈🐈🐈🐈🐈 Fish: 🐠🐠🐠

Commentary: This question practices translating a table of data to a pictograph.

Question 3: Based on the pictograph you created in Question 2, which pet is the most popular? Which pet is the least popular?

Solution: Most popular: Dog Least popular: Fish

Commentary: This question tests interpretation of data in a pictograph to answer questions about most and least popular items.

Question 4: Sipho counted the number of cars of different colors in his street. He saw 5 red cars, 2 blue cars and 6 white cars. Represent the data in a pictograph where each car icon represents 1 car.

Solution: Red: 🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗 Blue: 🚗🚗 White: 🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗🚗

Commentary: This question reviews creating pictographs from written descriptions of data. Independent Practice (Questions Only) The Grade 2 class voted for their favorite story. 12 learners voted for "The Lion and the Mouse," 8 learners voted for "Goldilocks and the Three Bears," and 5 learners voted for "Little Red Riding Hood." Create a table to show this data. Use the story data from Question 1 to create a pictograph. Let each story image represent 2 learners. (Remember you will need to use a symbol to represent 1 learner). Based on the pictograph you created in Question 2, which story is the most popular? Which story is the least popular? A group of children were asked what their favorite color was. 7 said blue, 4 said red, and 9 said green. Draw a table showing the results.