Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Collect and organise data using tally marks.
• Represent data using pictographs.
• Represent data using simple bar graphs.
• Answer questions about data.
• Revise addition and subtraction.

Lesson summary

Data handling is a very important skill that helps us understand the world around us. In our everyday lives, we see information presented in different ways, like charts showing which fruit is most popular in our class, or lists of the scores of our favourite soccer team. Learning how to collect, organize, and understand this information helps us make informed decisions. For example, understanding which snacks are most popular can help our school tuck shop decide what to sell. This week, we will revise what we have learned about data handling, making sure we are confident in collecting, sorting, representing, and interpreting data.

Lesson notes

What is Data? Data is simply information. It can be about anything! It could be about our favourite colours, the types of animals we see in our gardens, or the number of goals scored in a soccer match. Tally Marks Tally marks are a quick and easy way to count things. We draw a line for each item we count. After every four lines, we draw a diagonal line across them to make a group of five. This makes counting easier.

Example: One: | Two: || Three: ||| Four: |||| Five: |||| Organising Data into a Table After collecting data, we organise it into a table. A table has rows and columns. One column tells us what we are counting (e.g., types of fruit), and the other column shows the number of each item (using tally marks or numerals).

Example: We asked 10 children what their favourite fruit was.

Here are the results: Apple, Banana, Apple, Orange, Banana, Apple, Apple, Banana, Orange, Apple. | Fruit | Tally Marks | Number | | -------- | ----------- | ------ | | Apple | |||| | 5 | | Banana | ||| | 3 | | Orange | || | 2 | Pictographs A pictograph uses pictures to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items (usually one). Pictographs are easy to understand because they use visual symbols.

Example: Showing the favourite pet of 8 learners. We use one smiley face to represent one learner. | Pet | Number of Learners | | ------- | ------------------ | | Dog | 😃 😃 😃 | | Cat | 😃 😃 | | Bird | 😃 😃 😃😃 | Bar Graphs A bar graph uses bars of different lengths to represent data. The length of each bar shows the number of items in that category.

Bar graphs have two lines (axes): a horizontal line (x-axis) showing the categories and a vertical line (y-axis) showing the number of items. We need to label both axes clearly and choose a scale that fits our data. The scale indicates what the numbers on the y-axis represent. We will use a scale of 1 or 2 in Grade

2. Example: Showing the favourite colours of 10 learners.

X-axis: Red, Blue, Green, Yellow Y-axis: Number of Learners (Scale: 1)

Red: 3 Blue: 4 Green: 2 Yellow: 1 The bar graph will have a bar of height 3 above "Red", a bar of height 4 above "Blue", a bar of height 2 above "Green", and a bar of height 1 above "Yellow". Interpreting Data Interpreting data means understanding what the data is telling us.

We can ask questions like: Which item is the most popular? (The item with the most tally marks, the most pictures, or the longest bar). Which item is the least popular? (The item with the fewest tally marks, the fewest pictures, or the shortest bar). How many more of one item are there than another? (We can subtract to find the difference). How many items are there altogether? (We can add up the numbers for each category). Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: A group of children counted the number of cars of different colours passing their school in Johannesburg. They saw 6 red cars, 4 blue cars, 2 green cars, and 8 white cars. Use tally marks to represent this data in a table.

Solution: | Car Colour | Tally Marks | Number | | ---------- | ----------- | ------ | | Red | |||| | | 6 | | Blue | |||| | 4 | | Green | || | 2 | | White | |||| ||| | 8 | Explanation: We use tally marks to count each car. Remember to group tally marks in fives (|||| ).

Question 2: Represent the following data in a pictograph. Use one sun to represent one sunny day in Cape Town. | Month | Number of Sunny Days | | ----- | -------------------- | | June | 2 | | July | 3 | | August| 5 | Solution: | Month | Number of Sunny Days | | ------ | -------------------- | | June | ☀️☀️ | | July | ☀️☀️☀️ | | August | ☀️☀️☀️☀️☀️ | Explanation: We draw the correct number of suns for each month according to the data.

Question 3: The following bar graph shows the number of learners who like different sports.

Answer the questions below: (Imagine a bar graph with the following data: Soccer = 7, Netball = 5, Rugby = 3, Athletics =

4. The y-axis is labelled "Number of Learners" and the x-axis is labelled "Sport".) Which sport is the most popular? Which sport is the least popular? How many learners like Netball? How many more learners like Soccer than Rugby?

Solution: Soccer is the most popular. Rugby is the least popular. 5 learners like Netball. 4 more learners like Soccer than Rugby (7 - 3 = 4).

Explanation: We read the information directly from the bar graph. We look for the tallest and shortest bars. To find the difference, we subtract the number of learners who like Rugby from the number who like Soccer. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Collect data from your family about their favourite meal. Use tally marks to record their choices and create a table. Draw a pictograph to represent the number of pets in your street. Use one paw print to represent one pet.